Muscles of the pharynx help in the peristalsis movement along with speaking and swallowing.Īssociated structures with the external surface of the pharynx:.It helps in both the digestive functions as well as respiratory functions of the human body.The tubular surface of the pharynx allows the air, food, and other liquids to pass from the mouth to the lower GI tract.Functions of the pharynx are quite obvious to understand and learn. Salpingopharyngeus – This muscle has its origin in the cartilaginous portion of the auditory tube and terminates by blending into the palatopharyngeus muscleĪfter knowing the pharynx anatomy, one can easily guess the function of pharynx.Whereas, it terminates by blending with the opposite side of the palatopharyngeus muscle at the posterior boundary of the thyroid cartilage. Palatopharyngeus – This muscle has an origin on the posterior aspect of the hard palate at the level of the palatine aponeurosis.In addition, there are also longitudinal muscles associated with the external surface of the pharynx. Some leftover fibers have an insertion point lying on the posterior surface of the thyroid cartilage. The fibers of this muscle terminate by blending with the fibers of superior and middle constrictor muscles. Stylopharyngeus – This muscle has its origin in the medial aspect of the styloid process of the temporal bone.Thyropharngeus – originates from the thyroid cartilage and terminates at the pharyngeal raphe.Whereas, in contrast to other muscles of the pharynx, it terminates into the circular muscles of the esophagus. Cricopharyngeus – had its origin from the cricoid cartilage.Inferior pharyngeal constrictor – This muscle is split into two distinct muscle groups.Whereas, the others insert into the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle by overlapping the fibers. Some of the fibers of these muscles terminate by blending with the superior constrictor muscle. This muscle has its origin in the stylohyoid ligament with Greater and Lesser horns of the hyoid bone. Middle pharyngeal constrictor – This muscle lies below the level of the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscle.This is an important muscle of pharynx anatomy. Connecting all these structures, the fibers of this muscle terminate at the pharyngeal tubercle located on the basilar portion of the occipital bone. These structures are the posterior border of the mandibular raphe, pterygoid hamulus, posterior aspect of the mylohyoid sling of the mandible, and the lateral side of the tongue. Superior pharyngeal constrictor – This muscle has its origin in different anatomical structures of the lateral face. There are four primary muscles associated with the external surface of the pharynx. The external surface of muscles includes voluntary muscles which are covered by buccopharyngeal fascia externally. From the upper limit, it communicates with the occipital bone anteriorly to the foramen magnum. The external surface of the pharynx anatomyĬonsidering the posterior aspect, the pharynx lies anterior to the cervical vertebrae exteriorly. The internal section – includes a sagittal view to describe the pharynx anatomy.External section – it includes posterior and lateral views including the external surface of muscles that forms the wall of the pharynx.Understanding pharynx anatomy is divided into two sections. When there is a need to contact a doctor regarding the medical conditions of the pharynx? Gross pharynx anatomy Other blood supply includes the ascending pharyngeal artery, lingual artery, and ascending and descending palatine arteries.6.2. They are primarily supplied by branches of the facial artery. They are innervated by the pharyngeal branch of the vagus nerve (CN X) with the exception of the stylopharyngeus muscle which is innervated by the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX). There are two muscular layers of the pharynx: the outer circular layer and the inner longitudinal layer.ĭuring swallowing, these muscles constrict to propel a bolus downwards (an involuntary process).ĭuring swallowing, these muscles act to shorten and widen the pharynx. The pharyngeal muscles (involuntary skeletal) push food into the esophagus. The pharyngeal muscles are a group of muscles that form the pharynx, which is posterior to the oral cavity, determining the shape of its lumen, and affecting its sound properties as the primary resonating cavity.
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